Taking injections in the eye – a necessary ordeal

What is Vegf ?
In certain conditions, our eyes produce an excess of a protein called as VEGF, which results in formation of new blood vessels. These new blood vessels are fragile and can cause leakage of fluid or blood under or into the retina, leading to swelling. This swelling occurs in the central part of the retina known as fovea – and results in reduced or distorted vision.
Anti vegf injections block or reduce the effect of this protein, and help to stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels and reduce the leakage and swelling on the retina.
Why and when are they used ?
1.Wet Age related macular degeneration (Wet AMD) – Abnormal vessels behind the central retina damages vision rapidly. Anti vegf injections are given to help maintain the vision. They are generally required for prolonged periods of time.
2. Diabetic Macular edema (DME) – Swelling occurs in people with diabetes due to leaky blood vessels. Injections are given to reduce swelling and improve vision.
3. Retinal Vein occlusion (RVO)– Results in swelling in the central retina, which is treated by giving injections. RVO s can also result in formation of new vessels in the front of the eye – which can cause complications such as neovascular glaucoma – NVG. All of these can be treated by anti vegf injections.
What happens during the procedure of giving the injection?
1.Your eye is numbed with drops
2.The area around the eye is cleaned. Your eyelids will be held open with a speculum so that you don’t blink
3.A tiny needle injects the medicine into the inner part of the eye called as the vitreous jelly.
4.After the procedure you may feel mild discomfort, see floaters or have mild redness at the injection site. All of these usually settle in a day or two.
What are the Benefits of giving anti vegf injections
For many people, depending on the condition, the injections can stop the vision from worsening. It helps to stabilize the disease condition and prevent further deterioration. In some cases, the vision can improve.
The injections are not a one time treatment. You may need repeated injections. They are initially given every 4-6 weeks, and then the gap between injections is gradually increased, depending on the condition and the patient response.
Dr Urmi Shah is a comprehensive ophthalmologist, specializing in Cataract Surgery and Medical Retina.